Properties of medium density fibreboard mdf made from treated empty fruit bunch of oil palm. Utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches efb in the production of biophenolic. Chemical composition of the efb fiber e 1 in table 1 prior to any treatment was as follows ww, dry basis. Efb paper is not only technically feasible, but financially attractive, as it does away with exorbitant capital investments and large tracts of forests.
Ffb fresh fruit bunch of oil palm into cpo crude palm. Abstract the properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch opefb fibre filled high density polyethylene hdpe have been investigated at filler loadings, 0 to 1. Malaysia has a ready source of biomass in empty fruit bunches efb conveniently collected and available for exploitation in all palm oil mills. One of the byproducts of the palm oil milling process is the empty fruit bunches efb, and on average, every one tonne of. Pdf the usage of empty fruit bunch efb and palm pressed fibre. To improve quality of the incoming fresh fruit bunch into palm oil mill. Chemicalfree fractionation of palm empty fruit bunch and palm fiber. Thermochemical behaviour of empty fruit bunches and oil palm shell waste in a circulating fluidizedbed combustor cfbc 2 the cfb experimental gasifier is a vertical tubular furnace having an inner diameter of about 50 mm and a height of 2000 mm. Pulp and paper production from oil palm empty fruit bunches. Due to its climate and vast land area, brazil has been outstanding in the production of palm oil, especially among latin american countries.
Green conversion of oil palm empty fruit bunch into. Usually evaluation of palms is conducted by recording the fresh fruit bunch ffb yield palm year. Structural changes of oil palm empty fruit bunch opefb. Somrat kerdsuwan and krongkaew laohalidanond november 9th 2011. Two pictures for each maturity category ripe, under ripe and over ripe were taken simultaneously from opposite sides for each oil palm bunch. This study was an attempt to produce biooil from empty fruit bunches efb of oil palm waste using fast pyrolysis technology. Palm fruit is easy to use and mixes well with foods, beverages, and smoothies. Currently empty fruit bunch efb is one of the solid wastes which is produced daily but have limited use whereby it is usually left as plantation site to act as an organic fertilizer for the plants to ensure the sustainability of fresh fruit bunch ffb. Oil palm empty fruit bunch opefb is considered the cheapest natural fiber with. Table 2 chemical composition on dry basis of palm oil waste 12. Byproduct of palm oil processing pup and paper production from oil palm empty fruit bunches efbs is among the latest developments in research at the forest research institute of malaysia frim. One third of the oil palm biomass is oil palm empty fruit bunch opefb and the other.
Research work was mainly on oil palm yield response to efb application in field trials. Oil palm fruit bunch grading system using red, green and blue. Physical changes to oil palm empty fruit bunches efb and. Hydrolysis of empty fruit bunches of palm oil elaeis. Such a system will be invaluable to farmers and plantation managers who need to sell their oil palm fresh fruit bunch ffb for the mill as this will avoid disputes. Color feature extraction of oil palm fresh fruit bunch. Characterization of ash made from oil palm empty fruit. The fluidizing air is supplied from the bottom and the circulating. Color feature extraction of oil palm fresh fruit bunch image. Palm oil benefits, crude palm oil, palm kernel oil uses. In this research, oil palm is utilized as sample for testing the improved fresh fruit bunch ffb grading system because this machine is fabricated especially to assist the conventional oil palm grading system.
Pdf the usage of empty fruit bunch efb and palm pressed. The research was undertaken to evaluate the use of efb compost to be used as additive in the coconut dust soilless culture system for vegetable crop production. Availability, use, and removal of oil palm biomass in. Very little data and information were documented regarding efb decomposition and nutrient release and effect on the soil characteristics. Agrochemicals, estate, fresh fruit bunch, industrial plantations, land clearing, land management, oil palm, palm kernels, palm oil, pests. Empty fruit bunches from oil palm as a potential raw.
First step in manufacturing of test sample was by cleaning up oil palm empty fruit bunch opefb from dirt and the fibres attached to the bunch. Wet fibres of efb was dried in suny days and followed in the oven 50oc for acceleration of drying process. Palm oil composition palm oil comprises of natural fats and oils including triglyceries, mono and diglycerides. Oil palm industry is one of the major agricultural industries in malaysia. This data showed a good tool must have to harvest and evacuate oil palm ffb and loose fruit lf.
Physicomechanical, chemical composition, thermal degradation and. Conversion of oil palm empty fruit bunch to biofuels intechopen. Renewable energy from palm oil empty fruit bunch, renewable energy trends and applications, majid nayeripour and mostafa kheshti, intechopen, doi. The efb used in the experiments was obtained from a local palm oil industry in the northern part of penang, malaysia. Pdf physicomechanical, chemical composition, thermal. To determine the effects of bunch weight and palm tree ages on oil contents of oil palm fruits. The oil palm fresh fruit bunch ffb is the main product that is harvested from the oil palm plantation to produce oil.
Efb has little commercial value and is mostly disposed of by burning as a boiler fuel in the palm oil mills. Nor azwady 5 1department of land management, faculty of agriculture, universiti putra malaysia, 43400, serdang selangor. Each tree at maturity, which is approximately 3 years, will produce a large pod of palm fruit, weighing from 2550 lbs, each month for 25 years. The oil palm efb is one of the high carbon content biomass, which is currently used as a combustion boiler fuel with very low efficiency. Growth and production of oil palm encyclopedia of life. Oil palm tree fronds fresh fruit bunch trunk crude palm oil empty fruit bunch fig. The chemical composition of efb was greatly affected by the hydrothermal. Abstract palm oil quality and quantity are dependent on fruit ripeness. A comparison of the elemental composition of unwashed and washed feedstock was. This is because they contain large quantities of nutrients, and decomposition. A 150 gh fluidised bed bench scale fast pyrolysis unit operating at atmospheric pressure was used to obtain the pyrolysis liquid. Chemical constituents of the different anatomical parts of. In this study, the biomass chemical composition and.
The water can subsequently be disposed of safely as effluent. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Another great creative commons book from open equal free, categorized by oef as level 2 suitable for grades 2 to 3, age 7 to 9 years old. Organocat fractionation of empty fruit bunches from palm trees.
The rapid depletion of fossil fuel and most developed nations are pursuing the development of biomass as an alternative method of power generation. This study therefore examined the utilization of empty fruit bunch efb as an alternative fuel for firing a steam turbine plant for the production of. Properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre filled high. This biomass are conventionally applied in the oil palm plantations as soil mulch and fertilizer. But oil being the ultimate yield of oil palm, the evaluation of palms for oil yield needs to be carried out, which can be accomplished by bunch analysis of palms. Renewable energy from palm oil empty fruit bunch intechopen.
This residue may cause environmental pollution problems and spread diseases. This process generates 3040% of biomass waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunch efb, palm kernel shell and mesocarp fiber at palm oil mills. An interesting biomass is empty fruit bunches efb, which consists of certain lignocellulosic material residue from the palm oil industry wan rosli and law, 2011. Empty fruit bunch an overview sciencedirect topics. Growth and production of oil palm willy verheye national science foundation flanders and geography department, university of ghent, belgium keywords. Oil palm empty fruit bunch efb fiber is a major biomass residue in some regions. Very interesting to note that an acre grove of palm oil, and palm kernel oil is very environmentally friendly, as all nature surrounding them can remain natural for the natural habitat of wildlife. Due to its high moisture content, this material is not appropriate as a fuel and it is mostly used as manure. Biomassproducts from oil palm tree chemical characteristics the data on chemical composition of oil palm components, table 1, should be considered with caution since, as was stated earlier, the materials consist of other types of cells in addition to the fiber.
Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre was prepared at three particle sizes namely, 0. The palm kernel oil, derived from the seed of the palm fruit is very much chemically as coconut oil. Approximately one million metric ton of empty fruit bunch efb, which is a waste of the palm oil industry are discharged. Palm fruit red palm oil antioxidant powder foodbased. Preparation of dissolving pulp from oil palm empty fruit bunch by. In malaysia, oil palm occupies over four million hectares, occupying about 12% of malaysias land area. Oct 29, 2014 the oil palm industry in malaysia provides a high economic return to the country. Dried fibres of efb were chop into very small size of 1. Availability, use, and removal of oil palm biomass in indonesia. In palm oil milling process, a large quantity of stripped or empty fruit bunch efb is produced and have been used for mulching. Abundant oil palm empty fruit bunches opefb generated from the palm oil mill. The properties of the washed empty fruit bunches of oil palm. International journal of environmental sciences volume 3 no.
Chemical composition of oil palm empty fruit bunch and its. Oil palm emptyfruit bunch application effects on the earthworm population and phenol contents under field conditions d. Raw materials and analysis of chemical composition. Chemical composition of date palm seeds phoenix dactylifera l. Image data of oil palm bunches are collected from a plantation. Samples received were wet and in the form of whole bunches. Enhancement in oil quality, book chapter 24 of advances in oil palm. Collection of bunches for bunch analysis from the commercial harvesting lots are not advisable, because the process of harvesting in a garden takes places bunch analysis of oil palm harvesting of oil palm bunch at a particular interval of 14 week depending upon the season lean and peak season. Empty fruit bunches efb is becoming a popular source of fuel for renewable energy re power generation. Performance study of an oil palm fresh fruit bunch three. Oil palm emptyfruit bunch application effects on the. The oil palm gives its name to the 16 carbon saturated fatty acid palmitic acid found in palm oil. These values were generally comparable to ranges reported by chang 2014.
The empty fruit bunches efb are the solid residue that is produced in the highest amount from the fresh fruit bunches ffb of oil palm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of experimental medium density fibreboard mdf panels manufactured from empty fruit bunch efb of oil palm elaeis guineensis. Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and mineral. Indonesia is one of the largest oil palm producers in the world, where its production reached about 90 million metric tons of oil palm fruit in 2010 and as a result it accumulates about 20. Oil palm area production of oil palm fresh fruit bunch ffb for last 5 year was increased to 5. Pdf characterisation of oil palm empty fruit bunches for fuel. The most common species of oil palm that can be found is elais guineensis of nigrescens type. One of the byproducts of the palm oil milling process is the empty fruit bunches efb, and on average, every one tonne of fresh fruit bunches ffb produces about 220 kg of efb as a by. Stenius p ed forest product chemistry papermaking science and technology, book 3. The oil palm fresh fruit bunch ffb is the main product that is harvested from the oil palm plantation to produce oil with variety of usages. Afield experiment was set up to monitor efb decomposition and n and k release for a period of 10 months with the efb placed in single ordouble layers stacked along.
Eventhough, palm oil industry has boosted the national economy in malaysia, it also generated abundant of byproducts. Empty fruit bunch efb fibres of oil palm was supplied by an palm oil industry of ptp nusantara viii at malingping, banten, west java. Crystallinity of oil palm empty fruit bunch, kenaf and polypropylene fibres. Maleic anhydridegpolyethylene mape was used as a compactibilizer. Accompanying the production of one kg of palm oil, approximately 4 kg of dry biomass are produced. Fruits of the date palm are very commonly consumed in many parts of the world and considered as a vital component of the diet and a staple food in most arab countries alfarsi and lee 2008.
Oil palm fruit bunch grading system using red, green and. Cellulose and hemicellulose recovery from oil palm empty. A comparison of the elemental composition of unwashed and washed feedstock was made in this study. Recovering palm oil from empty fruit bunch efb liquor. Elemental composition of unwashed and washed feedstock. Characterization of ash made from oil palm empty fruit bunches oefb. This study was an attempt to produce bio oil from empty fruit bunches efb of oil palm waste using fast pyrolysis technology. The clinically effective dose for hair, skin, and circulation benefits is obtained through 1 serving daily.
Other researches stated that oil palm empty fruit bunch is a lignocellulosic source which is available. Direct combustion of efb is currently legally restricted as it generates air pollution. Empty fruit bunches from oil palm as a potential raw material. The oil palm industry in malaysia provides a high economic return to the country. For every tonne of palm oil produced from fresh fruit bunch ffb, approximately 1 tonne of oil palm empty fruit bunch efb, 0. Fresh empty fruit bunches efb are taken from nearby palm tree plantation area kilang. There is a processing need for a fast, easy and accurate classification system for oil palm fruit ripeness. The interest in oil palm empty fruit bunch opefb as a promising feedstock for bioconversion into value added products is growing fast, thus a thorough analysis of its component becomes necessary. Characterization of oil palm empty fruit bunches for fuel. Fruits and vegetables in titles, apples on the cover, food in book titles, fruit salad, picture books about trees, morning things, agricultu.
To estimate oil contents in oil palm fruit bunch for a given batch in fastest possible time. This agricultural standard shall be jointly implemented with tas 57022553, thai agricultural. Harvest audits were done monthly to estimate a number of lf lost per bunch, b percentage of unharvested palms, and c percentage of unripe bunches. Oil palm fresh fruit bunch ripeness classification based on. Materials free fulltext potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch. In normal oil palm bunch development when the outer fruit are mature, inner fruit are still at earlier stages of development and maturation. Palm oil benefits, crude palm oil, palm kernel oil uses, red. Chemical composition of efb and pf before and after hotcompressed water. While this variation and lack of maturation synchrony might be an acceptable evolutionary. The first published work concerning applications of efb was that of muthurajah and peh 1977, who used the kraft process with a concentration of active alkali 16%, for 3 hours. Fruit set and oil palm bunch components article pdf available in journal of oil palm research 142. The palm oil industry produces large amounts of empty fruit bunches. Oil palm is a multipurpose plantation and it is also an intensive producer of biomass.
Oil palm fresh fruit bunch, evacuation, topography, three wheeler introduction oil palm area production of oil palm fresh fruit bunch ffb for last 5 year was increased to 5. Oil palm fresh fruit bunch ripeness classification based. The purpose of this study was to valorize oil palm empty fruit bunch efb and. The reclamation of energy from the byproduct of palm fresh fruit bunch pffb after processing into palm oil can be seen as an alternative to fossil fuel. The interest in oil palm empty fruit bunch opefb as a promising feedstock for bioconversion into value. These images are stored in the hard disk of a high speed pc. Empty fruit bunches efb of oil palm is one of the major solid wastes from oil palm industry in malaysia. Fruit a nonfiction book about fruit, great facts for school projects and reading comprehension. Nutrient absorption by oil palm primary roots as affected by empty fruit bunch application uptake of potassium in primary roots with time this experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at universiti putra malaysia, using 12monthold dxp oil palm seedlings. The composition of pressshredded, stalk and spikelet of opefb samples were. The physicochemical characteristics of residual oil and fibers from.
Generally, oil palm waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunches, oil palm trunk, oil. Chemical and physical characterization of oil palm empty fruit bunch 189 kata kunci. These samples were taken after the sterilisation and stripping process of fresh fruit bunches in the palm oil mill. Advantages of using a threephase decanter using a threephase decanter to recover palm oil from empty fruit bunch liquor makes it possible to separate the outlets into solids, oil and water. Oil palm fresh fruit bunch ripeness classification based on rulebased expert system of roi image processing technique results m s m alfatni1, a r m shariff1,m z abdullah2, m h marhaban1, s b shafie1, m d bamiruddin3, o m b saaed1 1faculty of engineering, universiti putra malaysia, 43400, serdang, selangor, malaysia 2school of electrical and electronic of engineering, universiti sains. The brazilian fruit has approximately 24 different fatty acids making up the composition of the palm oil and 18 in the palm kernel oil.
535 208 939 615 1350 1164 1581 697 964 1527 1454 1320 1123 167 1493 1469 1225 579 459 528 1452 787 1554 739 1249 212 1097 681 388 1292 40 414 206 426 65 401 593 877 903